Digital Twin Aided Millimeter Wave MIMO:
Site-Specific Beam Codebook Learning

IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2026

Hao Luo and Ahmed Alkhateeb

Wireless Intelligence Lab, Arizona State University, USA

Fig. 1. This diagram illustrates the proposed digital twin aided codebook learning framework. A digital replica of the real-world environment is constructed to generate synthetic channel information for codebook learning. The learned codebook can then be applied to real-world deployments.

Abstract

Learning site-specific beams that adapt to the deployment environment, interference sources, and hardware imperfections can lead to noticeable performance gains in coverage, data rate, and power saving, among other interesting advantages. This learning process, however, typically requires a large number of active interactions/iterations, which limits its practical feasibility and leads to excessive overhead. To address these challenges, we propose a digital twin aided codebook learning framework, where a site-specific digital twin is leveraged to generate synthetic channel data for codebook learning. We also propose to learn separate codebooks for line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight users, leveraging the geometric information provided by the digital twin. Simulation results demonstrate that the codebook learned from the digital twin can adapt to the environment geometry and user distribution, leading to high received signal-to-noise ratio performance. Moreover, we identify the ray-tracing accuracy as the most critical factor in digital twin fidelity that impacts the learned codebook performance.

Simulation Results

DT-CB-learning-results
Fig. 2. This figure shows the beam patterns that achieve the maximum received SNR at a specific user position and SNR maps for the digital twin (DT) scenario and DFT beams. The learned codebook can adapt to the environment, achieving better performance in both LoS and NLoS regions.

Citation

If you want to use the dataset or scripts in this page, please cite the following paper:

H. Luo and A. Alkhateeb, “Digital Twin Aided Millimeter Wave MIMO: Site-Specific Beam Codebook Learning,” ICC 2026 – IEEE International Conference on Communications, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 2026.

@INPROCEEDINGS{Luo2026,
author={Luo, Hao and Alkhateeb, Ahmed},
booktitle={ICC 2026 – IEEE International Conference on Communications},
title={Digital Twin Aided Millimeter Wave MIMO: Site-Specific Beam Codebook Learning},
year={2026},
pages={1-6}}}